2026-03-28

PLDR Prescribing Indicators Updated to Q4 2025

All 12 small-area prescribing indicators on the PLDR platform have been refreshed with data through Q4 2025, extending the longitudinal record for England's GP prescribing patterns at LSOA level.

PLDROpen DataPrescribingHealth Data Science

Overview

The Place-based Longitudinal Data Resource (PLDR) has updated all 12 prescribing indicators to include data through Q4 2025. These datasets provide small-area estimates of GP prescribing rates — standardised to registered patient populations — at Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) level across England, derived from NHS Digital’s open Chemical-level Prescribing data.

This update extends the longitudinal coverage of each indicator and makes the series available for analyses spanning the pre-pandemic period through to the end of 2025, including the full COVID-19 pandemic and recovery window.

Updated Indicators

CodeIndicatorLink
P_1_07AntidepressantsView dataset
P_1_08StatinsView dataset
P_1_09Asthma – BronchodilatorsView dataset
P_1_10Anti-psychoticsView dataset
P_1_11Anti-coagulantsView dataset
P_1_12Opioid analgesicsView dataset
P_1_14AspirinView dataset
P_1_15ClopidogrelView dataset
P_1_16PraguselView dataset
P_1_17TicagrelorView dataset
P_1_18Oral AnticoagulantsView dataset
P_1_19OrlistatView dataset

What These Indicators Measure

Each indicator expresses the volume of a specific drug class dispensed by GP practices, aggregated and standardised to LSOA level using registered patient denominators from NHS Digital. The resulting rates allow direct comparison across neighbourhoods of varying population size, and tracking of prescribing trends over time.

The suite covers a clinically important range of therapeutic areas:

  • Cardiovascular — statins, aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, pragusel, anti-coagulants, oral anticoagulants
  • Mental health — antidepressants, anti-psychotics
  • Respiratory — asthma bronchodilators
  • Pain management — opioid analgesics
  • Weight management — orlistat

Potential Uses

  • Longitudinal analysis of prescribing trends before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic
  • Deprivation gradient analyses linking prescribing rates to the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) or the Small Area Vulnerability Index (SAVI)
  • Contextual covariates in models using linked administrative health data
  • Input to composite health indicators such as the Small Area Mental Health Index (SAMHI) (antidepressants series)

Accessing the Data

All datasets are freely available via the PLDR data catalogue. No registration is required for open access indicators.

Dr. Konstantinos DarasSenior Research Fellow in Health Data Science and AI

University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building, Block F, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK

© 2026 Dr. Konstantinos Daras. All rights reserved.